Australia And Asia Relationship Essays - Bilateralism,

Australia and Asia relationship Australia and Asia relationship This essay analyses the Australian-China bilateral relationship since 1945 and in particular its political significance to Australia. Many global factors have influenced this relationship, including the advent of the Cold War, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the collapse of the Soviet bloc European nations. In addition, internal political changes in Australia and China have both affected and been affected by the global changes. It will be analysed that Australia's bilateral relationship with China has always had a sharp political edge but that approaching the new millenium economics and trade considerations are shaping Australias and for that matter Chinese politics. A central feature of the Government's approach to foreign and trade policy is the importance it attaches to strengthening bilateral relationships. Bilateral relationships are not an alternative to regional and multilateral efforts. Indeed, bilateral, regional and multilateral efforts are mutually supportive. When Australia works closely with another country on a global initiative, such as the conclusion of the Chemical Weapons Convention, it strengthens the bilateral relationship with that country. Similarly, cooperation within APEC helps to consolidate Australia's relations with individual APEC economies. In this way, multilateral and regional efforts feed back into, and broaden, bilateral relationships (Aggarwal 1998). In the Cold War years of the late 1940's and lasting well into the proceeding four decades (Vadney 1998) Australian government policy towards China after the Chinese communist birth in 1949, was virtually achieved by an overriding commitment to anti-communism. Australias participation in the Korean War and later the Vietnam War meant that in a very real sense China (which gave direct tangible support to both the North Koreans and the North Vietnamese) was Australias enemy (Vadney 1998). Not surprisingly during this period there was a substantial body of public opinion which, either because of initiation at Australias involvement in both the Korean and Vietnam War's, was because of interest in developing closer ties with China in economic and humanitarian grounds, was influencing the political orientation of the Australian government. The election of the Whitlam Labor government in 1972 saw the emergence of an explicit "recognition of China policy" and although this government was relatively short lived, its bilateral relationship with China was arguable its greatest achievement in Australias development in international affairs, especially in the Asia Pacific region (Cotton and Ravenhill 1998). The Fraser government continued this policy direction with China, which was strengthened even further during the Hawke and Keating years (1983-96). The Howard government has continued this policy and has chosen to place economic and trade considerations above ideology. Pursuit of a strong bilateral relationship with China by Australian Labor governments might have been predicted on political grounds but, increasingly, as the world moves to embrace a global village profile governments of all political persuasion's are shaping the foreign policies on the basis of national economic self interest. In handling bilateral relationships, the Government often claims to have adopted an integrated approach taking into account the totality of Australian interests. But, a closer analyses of this claim reveals it would be almost impossible to meet the totality of Australia's interests in any bilateral relationship and this is especially true of China which has such a different socio-political system. This close relationship continues to raise political questions for Australia to grapple with, such as her relations with Taiwan, Tibet and Chinese human rights issues. In some instances Australias interests will be confined mainly to trade and investment; in the more substantial bilateral relationships, the Government will implement comprehensive strategies which attempt to integrate Australia's security, economic and political interests with efforts to forge a wider network of contacts in such areas as education, tourism and cultural exchanges. A comprehensive approach to bilateral relationships also involves working closely with the Australian business community to expand market access and other opportunities for trade and investment. It means facilitating institutional links in fields such as the arts, sport, and education. In this way, each strand of the relationship not only has value in its own right, but also contributes to building a broader base from which to develop and advance mutual interests, hence the burgeoning of cultural links between Australia and China since 1972 (Aggarwal 1998). Working through bilateral relationships also enables the Government to calibrate strategy to take into account national differences. This is particularly important in terms of regional issues. East Asia, for instance, is enormously diverse, and Australia's regional policies must take this into account. The same is true of Australia's interests in ASEAN and within the South Pacific. In relation to China some Australian government policies, for example, supporting the student protest in Tiananmen square (Cotton and Ravenhill 1998)

Attention On Commercial E Waste In Putrajaya An Environmental Sciences Essay Essays

Attention On Commercial E Waste In Putrajaya An Environmental Sciences Essay Essays Attention On Commercial E Waste In Putrajaya An Environmental Sciences Essay Essay Attention On Commercial E Waste In Putrajaya An Environmental Sciences Essay Essay Harmonizing to the definition by Department of Environment Malaysia, 2007, e-waste is defined as waste from the assembly of electrical or electronic contraptions that consist of constituents such as collectors, mercury-switches, glass from cathode-ray tubings and other activated glass or polychlorinated biphenyl-capacitors, or contaminated with Cd, quicksilver, lead, nickel, Cr, Cu, Li, Ag, manganese or polychlorinated biphenyl. In Malaysia, e-waste is categorized as scheduled waste under the codification SW 110, First Schedule, Environmental Quality ( Scheduled Wastes ) Regulations 2005. This electronic waste or normally known as e-waste has broad scope of electronic or electrical equipment from assorted section of entities for domestic every bit good as industrial use. Now coevals of engineering devices such notebooks, nomadic phones, air conditioners, iceboxs, and rinsing machines become of import family contraptions in human life presents. 1.2 Problem statement Presents, the Numberss of development in electronic and electrical industries are demoing enormous growing in universe. However, over several old ages ago, the research workers give the attending concentrating on the impact of e-waste to the environment. The figure of e-waste generated was 52718 has been reported by DOE Malaysia in twelvemonth 2007. In 2008, there was important addition as 688,000 metric metric tons of e-waste has been generated and it is estimated Malaysia will bring forth e-waste about 1.11 million metric metric tons in 2020. The waste generated besides increase significantly parallel to the production of these merchandises. E-waste is going a major job since it can besides consequence to the human wellness of it is non treated decently. Electrical contraptions consist a 1000 of chemical compound that including metal such as lead, quicksilver and it is a major beginning of toxins and carcinogens. Many constituents of such equipment are considered toxic and are non-biodegradable. As it is discarded by the manner of either legal or illegal dumping, these toxic compounds have possible to leach out into the landfills. The issues arise from e-waste dumping is turning into a serious job, since there is no best operable method to dispose it. Electronicss and electrical waste is going a planetary pollution job due to environmental concern since there are many constituents of such equipments are considered non-biological which can non be degraded and toxic as they contain heavy metals inside the equipment. Emergence of economic system sector in developing every bit good as developed state cause serious job in e-waste direction. Improper e-waste dumping, transporting used constituent of electronic and electrical equipment over boundaries, inefficient disposal method and job related to location and installations to dispose this sort of wastes besides increase the important challenge in e-waste issues in order to prolong environmental development. 1.3 Objective of Study The intent of this study is to measure the public consciousness sing the risky of e-waste and the direction of commercial waste of electrical and electronic contraptions in Putrajaya. The premises and the individual that carry up concern associated with electrical and electronic equipments are subjected to this study. All those who deal with commercial e-waste such any people who sells, resells, retails, fixs or disposes of commercial e-wastes every bit good as other individual that related in electrical and electronic watercourse particularly consumer. The nonsubjective includes: To happen sum of generated e-waste in Putrajaya. To measure about consciousness on the proper direction of commercial e-waste. To reexamine disposal method in Malaysia today. To reexamine the ordinance that available and intend the responsible organic structures in this state to explicate farther solutions for the environmentally sound direction. 1.4 Significant of Study The purpose of the survey is to place coevals position of e-waste in Putrajaya. Improper e-waste dumping, transporting used constituent of electronic and electrical equipment over boundaries, inefficient disposal method and deficiency of good disposal installations cause serious job in e-waste. Therefore, the survey is required as some sensible stairss should be taken to guarantee the waste is dealt with decently by others further down of electronic and electronic user. The survey will be conducted in Putrajaya to garner the information on the public attending sing the proper direction of commercial e-waste. Questionnaire will be distributed and informations will be used as primary informations to cognize the degree of consciousness on the direction of e-waste among people that engage in the watercourse of commercialism with regard to electrical and electronic merchandises. Respondent will be selected indiscriminately to make full the questionnaire signifier. It is aimed to place the degree of cognition on jeopardy of e-waste among communities. The intent of this research besides to cognize the effectivity of environmental ordinance in Malaysia ; hence this explanatory research which is a combination of literature reappraisal, informations aggregation and interviews can be used to promote the responsible organic structures to explicate farther solutions on the issues associated with e-waste. The survey is besides subjected to suggest environmentally sound direction of this scheduled waste. Literature reappraisal 2.1 Electronic waste Issue on e-waste arise as the production of electronic contraptions every bit good as its waste that generated is in high volumes. The electronic or electric devices normally contain toxic and risky metal compound inside such lead, Cd, quicksilver and Cr frequently exist in the equipment. Besides that, in some states, their local governments do non modulate the proper ways for e-wastes direction to its disposal or recycling. For most instances, e-waste can lawfully be dumped into municipal solid waste landfill site. However, recycling is an alternate for e-waste land filling in order to get the better of traffic job. This method has been popular and become concern due economical every bit good as environmental job. Disposal of e-waste either by land filling or recycling, it still necessitate to run into few environmental regulative demand. 2.2 E-waste direction system ( Regulations and guidelines ) International ordinance Soon in the planetary state of affairs, coevals, transboundary motion and disposal waste of electrical and electronic equipment are going issues of concern to solid waste direction professionals, conservationists, international bureaus and authoritiess. The most high-profile international instrument for commanding e-waste disposal is the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. This Convention was initiated in order to get by legion international jobs sing risky waste trafficking. The Basel Convention was the first planetary environmental pact modulating transboundary motions and disposal of risky waste. Environmental Regulation in Malaysia In Malaysia, Department of Environment become one of the of import relevant organic structures in authorities which is responsible to set up the basic environmental rights and to implement statute law on e-waste direction. This authorities bureau which is under supervising of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment ( NRE ) carry out the aim to heighten quality of life of the people every bit good as to keep and continue the environment from pollution. Environmental Quality ( Scheduled Waste ) Regulations 2005 ( SWR 2005 ) is developed to supply a footing in e-waste issues that applicable to the family and industrial and sector. Regulation on e-waste was developed in 1989 was known as Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Premises ) ( Treatment Disposal Facilities for Scheduled Wastes ) Regulations, 1989 to command on aggregation, intervention, recycling and disposal of e-waste. However, to get by the issues of this solid waste to go efficient, Environmental Quality ( Scheduled Wastes ) Regulations has been regulated and replaced 1989 ordinance. It categorized e-waste as scheduled wastes and makes sense Malaysia to command transboundary motion of e-waste. Currently, the authorities has provide guidelines to guarantee proper rhythm on e-waste recycling or safe disposal. Other associated ordinances and guidelines related to e-wastes under the legal power of DOE are shown below: Environmental Quality Act 1974 Environmental Quality ( Licensing ) Regulations 1977 Environmental Quality ( Schedule Waste ) Regulations 2005 Environmental ( Scheduled Waste ) Regulations 2005 ( Amendment ) 2007 Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Premises ) ( Scheduled Waste Treatment And Disposal Facilities ) Order 1989 Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Premises ) ( Scheduled Waste Treatment And Disposal Facilities ) Regulations 1989 Environmental Quality ( Refrigerant Management ) Regulations 1999 Environmental Quality ( Prescribed Conveyance ) ( Schedule Wastes ) Order 2005 Guidelines on Import of Scheduled Waste EG4/94, Department of Environment Guidelines on Export of Scheduled Waste EG1/93, Department of Environment Guidelines for the Classification of Used Electrical and Electronic Equipment in Malaysia. Department of Environment. 2008. 2.3 E-waste Collection Targets at Material Recovery Facilities in Malaysia In Malaysia e-waste recyclers are classified into full and partial . Full recyclers are those material recovery installations with the capacity to recycles all portion of electronic equipment they receive, while Partial recyclers are those with limited capableness to recycle all portion of e-waste they receive, that is to state that there activities are centred on renovation for reuse intent, although they besides assist in dismantlement and separation before directing to full recyclers. 2.4 Electric and electronic merchandise in the market place The way of failure to command the issues in e-waste start even before this contraption enters the market place. First, makers refuse to extinguish risky stuffs or design for disassembly. Second, authorities policies fail to keep makers responsible for end-of-life direction of their merchandises. Therefore, eventually, consumers are the unintentional receivers of a toxic merchandise abandoned by those with the greatest ability to forestall jobs. Left with few picks, consumers readily will turn to recycling and take illegal action to dispose their e-waste. The six wide classs of illegal e-waste disposal as follows: Direct illegal disposal e.g. fly tipping Use of unaccredited waste direction sites Use of unaccredited bearers, agents or waste tourers Transporting violations Mis-description of waste Unregulated recycling and other disposal activities 2.5 Report by EPA on import-export activities of e-waste In 2005, the EPA conducted a snapshot analysis of import-export of e-waste from United State into several states with legitimate disposal installation. By far the largest volume of broken CRTs reported to the EPA is exported to Malaysia. Approximately 72 per centum ( or 51 million kg ) of the exports for which the EPA received presentment are sent to one legitimate installation in Malaysia. Canada and Korea, the 2nd largest receiving systems, imported a well smaller volume of CRTs of around 16 and 10 per cent severally. Compared to these importers ( particularly Malaysia ) , Brazil imports really small ( about 1 per cent ) . Table: Estimated export volume by state ( kg ) Sum Percentage Canada ( 2 installations ) 11,174 kilogram 16.34 % Malaysia ( 1 installation ) 50,698,594 kilogram 72.45 % Brazil ( 1 installation ) 342,807 kilogram 1.03 % Korea ( 3 installations ) 7,103,175 kilogram 10.15 % Entire volume 69,319,131 kilogram Average volume 4,077,596 kilogram 2.4 Chemical substances inside e-waste Component of e-waste is really diverse and differs in the merchandises from another which may incorporate more than thousand different substances, which may fall either under risky or non-hazardous types. But, many substances contained in e-waste are considered risky waste. There are many beginnings that used for the production of electronic and electrical contraptions ; it can be either natural or man-made stuffs. For illustration, the metal such Cr which is of course happening substance is comparatively harmless in nature that used for proposes of fabrication of electronic equipment. However, it become harmful due to its toxicity if improper disposal that can consequence human wellness and the environment. The combination of these substances, along with smelting and combustion of waste, causes local air pollution and activities from acerb bath denudation will pollute land and surface H2O. These toxins besides pose possible wellness jobs including lung disease, lead toxic condition and malignant neoplastic disease. E-waste that generate the contamination including ( OIPC ) : Lead in cathode beam tubings ( CRTs ) and solder ; Arsenic in older CRTs ; Antimony trioxide as fire retardent ; Polybrominated fire retardents in fictile shells, overseas telegrams and circuit boards ; Selenium in circuit boards as a power supply rectifier ; Cadmium in circuit boards and semiconducting materials ; Chromium in steel as corrosion protection ; Mercury in switches and lodging. There are some more inside informations on some of the jeopardies posed by e-waste toxins: Arsenic Arsenic can be categorized really highly toxic metallic component. As it has entered the environment, it is wholly can non be destroyed. Exposure to this metal can do serious wellness effects because it has possible to develop assorted types of malignant neoplastic disease such skin malignant neoplastic disease, liver malignant neoplastic disease and lung malignant neoplastic disease. However, its semiconducting material is of import in transition of electric current to laser visible radiation and the arsine gas AsH3 is widely used as dopant gas in the micro chip industry. Barium Barium is besides metallic component which is frequently to organize toxic compounds when react with air. Barium as a drying agent used in sparkplugs and fluorescent lamps. Exposure to low concentration of water-soluble Ba may do take a breathing troubles, increased blood force per unit areas, tummy annoyance, encephalon puffiness and harm to the encephalons, kidney and liver. It has inclination to do palsies and human death when unmasking to high concentration of this H2O soluble Ba. Brominated fire retardents ( BFRs ) Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether, Polybrominated Biphenyl and Tetrabromobisphenol are chemicals that are added to makes fire retardant and to protect against the hazard of inadvertent fires in a broad scope of electrical and electronic equipment. However, burning of electronic contraptions incorporating this halogenated stuff cause formation toxic emanations gases such furan and dioxins which are human carcinogenic. Lead Lead is a ductile soft metal which is known has many applications and ideal as a solder. Lead-tin solder has been used widely in electronic constituents to publish wiring boards, in the glass of Cathode Ray Tubes for intents of telecasting or computing machine screens. Lead can do several unwanted effects, such as it can impact the kidneys, break of nervous systems and encephalon harm. When people exposure to high concentration of lead even within short clip period, it still has possible to do weariness, concern, coma and human death. Lead has same characteristic with quicksilver as it tend to roll up in an single being and being transferred through nutrient concatenation. Mercury Mercury is one of the most toxic with the feature of bioaccumulation. As quicksilver get entered into the environment, it cause injury to worlds wellness, quality of animate beings life every bit good as workss. It has really serious toxicant effects when unmasking to this component as it causes encephalon and liver harm if ingested or inhaled. Mercury metal has many utilizations in switches and other electrical applications. A certain sum of quicksilver is used in fluorescent lamps. Methodology The methodological analysis is a path line to near the aim of survey. In the methodological analysis subdivision, it should be planned in systematic and has a good schemes in order to obtain the of import information associated of e-waste. Good informations aggregation and analysis will construe the future state of affairs respects to the issues. This survey can be classified as initial explanatory research utilizing combination of literature reappraisal, informations aggregation and interviews. Some of the information is extracted by primary every bit good as secondary informations from other journalist. A study is besides conducted to measure the public consciousness sing the risky of e-waste and the direction of commercial waste of electrical and electronic contraptions in Putrajaya. The premises and the individual that carry up concern associated with electrical and electronic equipments are subjected to this study. All those who deal with commercial e-waste such any people who sells, resells, retails, fixs or disposes of commercial e-wastes every bit good as other individual that related in electrical and electronic watercourse particularly consumer. E-waste has important environmental job, particularly in urban metropoliss since rapid alteration in engineering merchandises, low initial cost of electronic devices that cause aggressive excess of this sort of wastes in Malaysia. The electronic and electrical stores and mercantile establishments provide many sorts of merchandises to their clients such as notebooks, nomadic phones, batteries, telecastings, air conditioners, iceboxs every bit good as rinsing machines. The fix Centres and persons who generate income by mending and trouble-shooting of electronic equipment are besides subjected to make full up the questionnaire that will be distributed. 3.1 Respondent The mark respondents that will be selected in this survey are those people that engage in the watercourse of commercialism with regard to electrical and electronic merchandises the proprietors of electrical or electrical company ; including Sellerss, resellers or retail merchants. Repair Centre every bit good as the cardinal figures in the e-waste sector which is recycling company ( Pusat Kitar Semula Capital of malaysia ) are besides subjected to be respondent in this survey. Peoples who are remaining in Putrajaya residential country will be selected indiscriminately to take part in this study in order to acquire the information from the communities on their cognition associated with e-waste. 3.2 Data Collection Activities All the respondents will be selected indiscriminately to make full questionnaire signifier. They are requested to supply the information on how they manage their e-waste every bit good as the most preferred disposal method of e-waste that are taken by respondents to prolong the environment. The study besides aimed to place on the communities knowledge degree on jeopardy of e-waste since e-waste can endanger both the environment and human wellness. The inquiry on public consciousness and general cognition about e-waste besides will be asked in the questionnaire to acquire more information from this mark group. The respondents are besides required to place the local authorities bureaus that are responsible for the planning and enforcement of regulative demands to find degree of their cognition on e-waste direction and guidelines. 3.3 Method to Analyze Data SPSS SPSS is complete statistical package bundles that used for analysing thesis and thesis informations and can convey in thesis informations from any type of file for analysis. The bundle is chiefly aimed at those that want to research jobs and features a broad scope of analytical maps. SPSS is performed to do tabulated thesis charts, studies, secret plans of distributions and tendencies, and expressive statistics, and hard statistical analysis doing usage of the information. Though SPSS appears like a really user-friendly statistical bundle since it is the easiest method to interpret the information into SPSS ; this significantly reduces the preliminary work needed to research new informations. XLSTAT XLSTAT is a Microsoft Excel circuit board. It includes over 50 maps which cover most of the demands for informations analysis and statistics, including multivariate techniques such as discriminant analysis, correspondence analysis and bunch, every bit good as a scope of arrested development techniques, goodness of fit trials and tabular sorting. Some public-service corporations have besides been included to ease charting and information use. Flow chart of methodological analysis Issue on e-waste Establish Objective A ; Scope of Study Literature Review Data Collection Questionnaire Interview Case Study Methods Respondents Public Business individuals Repair EE shop/individual Analyze the information XLSTAT SPSS Discussion Conclusion A ; Recommendation

Particular policy debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Particular policy debate - Essay Example ECB is assigned the task of maintaining price stability and it is the major component of Euro-system. The fate of Euro-zone is the topic of debate on international forum. European Union is commonly known as EU, a supranational body which proposed integration of European countries. It adopted a unique framework for integration and set the goal of complete integration among European countries. By complete integration, EU meant to integrate the economies, politics, educational, cultural and all other aspects. By economic integration, the EU dreamt of common market and common currency. The common market was based on the idea of free movement of goods, services, capital and labour (Toner, 2004). By free movement means, there were no tariff and quota restrictions, there was no excise duty and the exchange rate was relatively kept stable. In order to go a step ahead in economic integration, the common currency named as Euro was introduced. The member countries were required to abolish their local currency and adopt Euro as the official currency. Adoption of Euro is a difficult task for the member states and they need to make certain changes in their economic system to adopt this new currency. The fate of Euro-zone is important to determine because it is one of the most important key performance indicators of ECB and EU itself. EU has achieved many successful milestones in its earlier periods of economic integration. The common market initiative was warmly welcomed by the member states and in order to reap its benefits, many other European countries showed their willingness to join EU. When EU launched the initiative of common currency i.e. Euro, few countries showed enthusiasm while UK, Denmark and Sweden adopted the opt-out option. This option relieved them from the mandatory requirement of replacing their national currency with Euro. It has raised much confusion in the economic circles of EU. Many other

Macro Economic's questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Macro Economic's questions - Assignment Example Canada has experienced a decreasing interest rates and a relative increase in the GDP over the last decades. This has led to increase in the consumption expenditure and a rise in the investments as shown by the statistics by growth in the economy (Roberts, 2005).The adjustments have contributed positively to the economy as it resulted in the expansion of various sectors hence high GDP. Introducing insurance will reduce the employees’ salaries that will eventually lower their income. This will reduce the level of consumption and investments in the economy under the business cycle leading to a recession. As a result, there is decrease in the production of goods and services in the economy reducing the GDP (Roberts, 2005). This will affects the economy in the long run as majority of the population may be rendered jobless leading to a rise in the unemployment’s rates due to the decreased output levels of the industries. Low interest rates have been maintained over the past but have only resulted in low economic growths. This has been attributed by the decrease in the domestic demands by individual countries as a result of the low activities by the private sectors as low rates discourages investments (Roberts, 2005).Various countries also experience high depts. hence despite the expansionary measures most of their resources are allocated to settling deficits as a result of the world economic recession leading to low growths. Free trade is opposed since it results into the collapse of the local industries and less producing nations becoming dumpsites resulting in increase in the unemployment rate. However free trade leads to competition that results into quality and relatively cheaper commodities for the population, corporation of the countries, removes trade barriers that leads to more disposable income for the consumers while

Death In The Line Of Duty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Death In The Line Of Duty - Research Paper Example The bodies were later discovered in the burn room when the fire was suppressed. They all were wearing appropriate and complete personal protective Equipment and the two victims met the required State and department qualifications for the exercise. The two Florida firefighters were trapped and overwhelmed by the fire progress—a flashover which led to smoke inhalation and thermal injuries. The flashover was induced by horizontal ventilation, which happened within a very short span of time after the opening of the window in the fire room. It must be noted that between the growth phase and the fully developed phase of a fire is what is known as flashover—occurs when all the combustible materials in the room is ignited, simultaneously reaching their ignition temperatures up to 1000 °F (International Association of Fire Chiefs, â€Å"Fundamentals† 137). While LT Mickel and FF Begg had their experience and qualifications as firefighters with their full protective clothing, there was a problem on the way the whole team handled the training exercise. They failed to anticipate the potential fire behavior in the burn room due to miscalculations. The Office of the State Fire Marshall and NIST concluded that a flashover has occurred due to excessive fuel loads. The fire analysis conducted by NIST revealed that â€Å"the gases were so fuel rich in the burn room that it took the fire seconds to mix with the oxygen and flashover† (NIOSH 4). The fuel consisted of â€Å"five wooden pallets, a bale of straw, and a twin-size urethane foam,† which however been augmented by interior materials such as â€Å"carpeting, foam urethane padding, hollow core closet doors, wood molding, wall-mounted headboards, and painted gypsum board on the walls and ceiling mattress† resulting in flashover when the window was vented (NIOSH 3). In fine, the energy level produced by these fuel loads was far beyond the design capabilities of the victims’ gears making it

The Admired Character Traits Of Ancient Greece English Literature Essay

The Admired Character Traits Of Ancient Greece English Literature Essay In the epic poem The Odyssey, a courageous hero, Odysseus, displayed many admirable traits, even though at times his actions brought pain and suffering to others he loved. These faults may have inflicted a substantial amount of desolation and agony to particular individuals, but these transgressions were inadvertent and failed to mutilate the true image of the protagonist during his many journeys. Odysseus is depicted as a dedicated warrior because his prominence and allure resulted in his depiction as a god-like figure among men and a worthy king amongst his people. Odysseus physical dominance earned himself respect and his intelligence and exceptional nature was admired by all of his followers. His dictating role in the Trojan War placed a large emphasis his strength as a fighter and as a human being. Odysseus demonstrated his intellectual abilities when devising strategic plans of attack, such as the penetration of Troy with the infamous Trojan horse. Nestor, Menelaus, Achilles, a nd Agamemnon, spoke highly of their comrade in response to his service. For all of the Achaeans who strove at Troy it was Odysseus who strove the hardest and achieved the most. Odysseus actions were known throughout the land, no more so than in his own country, Ithaca. Even though Odysseus was absent for more than a decade, many citizens were still loyal and hopeful of his return. A vital characteristic trait that was admirable in ancient Greece was physical strength due to their environment and dedication to succeeding in war situations. While accounting what happened after three of his men ate the flower of the Lotus Eaters, Odysseus recalls, I drove them, all three wailing, to the ships, ties them down under their rowing benches, and called the rest: All hands aboard; come, clear the beach and no one taste the Lotus, or you lose your hope of home' (985). To drag three grown men, who were also very strong and equally fit, onto a ship against their will and tie them up creates the image of a great physical challenge for Odysseus for the reader. The story states, All three wailing, translates that they were fighting against Odysseus, which extends his challenge to a more demanding stage. Next, Odysseus exemplifies his brute physical strength during his plan to disable a Cyclops by ramming a monstrous spear into the eye of the Cyclops. Now by the gods, I drove a big hand spike deep in the embers, charring it again, and cheered my men along with battle talk to keep their courage up: no quitting now. The pike of olive, green though it had been, reddened and glowed as if about to catch. I drew it from the coals and my four fellows gave me a hand, lugging it near the Cyclops as more than natural force nerved them; straight forward they sprinted, lifted it, and rammed it deep in his crater eye, and leaned on it turning it as a shipwright turns a drill in planking, having men below to swing the two-handled strap that spins it in the groove (992). An event in which Odysseus easily exemplifies his physical strength occurred in the claiming of Penelope because and arrow would have to pass through a series of targets using the bow that Odysseus had left behind when he went to war. Shockingly, none of the suitors could string the bow, but the Odysseus could string the bow with a negligible amount of effort. When the suitors failed to pull the bow to shoot the arrow through the targets, Odysseus genuinely pulled the bow to its fullest length then drove the arrow perfectly through the targets. In conclusion, Odysseus defies the limits of strength which boosts his probability in completing challenges quickly and more precisely than other heroes. Mental quickness and the abilities to fight through mental challenges is a major characteristic trait that places a fine line between Odysseus and other heroes of ancient Greece. When Odysseus and his crew were trapped in the cave of the Cyclops, Odysseus tricked the Cyclops into becoming drunk so the Cyclops would go into a state of dizziness to increase the probability of defeating the Cyclops. Odysseus purposely offered the Cyclops some of the sweet wine of maron in which was stronger than other wines because it was not diluted with water. When the Cyclops was drunk, he asked Odysseus his name, but he lied and said his name was Nohbdy which was a high intelligence decision on his part. He didnt know how to escape at first after this, but he and his men ended up heaving up a pointed stick and plunged it into its eye, which is where the name Nohbdy came into play because other Cyclops were ready to spring into action when they heard the cries, but the Cyclops yelled out that Nohbdy was attacking me. The Cyclops was blinded and opened the cave door, and Odysseus and his crew returned to the ship. On the way away from the island, Odysseus called back that if anyone ever asked who blinded him, he should reply, Tell him Odysseus, raider of cities, took your eye: Laertes son, whose homes on Ithaca. Secondly, the sirens were evil spirits that were half woman and half bird that led sailors to their death with their song. To prevent this, he blocked up the ears of his men with beeswax, but he had himself tied to the mast of the ship so that he could hear their song. He forewarned his men that if he used sign language to be released, they should bind him tighter. After that, during the crews encounters with Scylla and Charybdis, Odysseus is wise in not informing them of the future events that is yet to come because he deserved full participation and effort from his crew instead of panic. When Scylla made her strike, Odysseus positioned the boat to where only six of his crew would be whisked by the arms of the sea monster instead of endangering all of his crew. Then Scylla made her strike, whisking six of my best men from the ship. I happened to glance aft at ship and oarsmen and caught sight of their arms and legs, dangling high overhead. Voices came down to e in anguish, calling my name for the last time (1010). A final explication of Odysseys mental abilities was when Odysseus returned home, he found that his wife had many suitors who wished to marry his wife and claim his possessions because they believed that he was dead. She tricked them to keep them at bay because she did not want to marry any of the suitors. She threw a tournament, and Odysseus took part in it, but under disguise so as not to be noticed by the suitors. The contest was to see if they could wield Odysseus bow, and to shoot an arrow through the holes of 7 axes that had been lit on fire, and Odysseus won easily winning back the hand of Penelope. The Odyssey is a perfect portrayal of how Odysseus can succeed in using Brains over Braun. A vital characteristic trait that all of ancient Greeces heroes and gods possessed were bravery and perseverance and to conduct themselves accordingly no matter the intensity of the situation. Eurylochos considers Odysseuss perseverance to be exceptional because he still had the fortitude to tell his crew to sail on past a potentially safe island retreat for the night after enduring the horrors of Scylla and Charybdis. You are a hard man, Odysseus. Your force is greater; your limbs never wear out. You must be made all of iron, when you will not let your companions, worn with hard work and wanting sleep, set foot on this land, where if we did, on the sea girt island we could once more make ready a greedy dinner; but you force us to blunder along just as we are through the running night, driven from the island over the misty face of the water (12.279-285). At this time Charybdis sucked down the seas salt water, but I reached high in the air above me, to where the tall fig tree grew, an d caught hold of it and clung like a bat; there was no place where I could firmly brace my feet, or climb up it, for the roots of it were far from me, and the branches hung out far, big and long branches that overshadowed Charybdis. Inexorably I hung on, waiting for her to vomit the keel and mast back up again. I longed for them, and they came late; at the time when a man leaves the law court, for dinner, after judging the many disputes brought him by litigious young men; that was the time it took the timbers to appear from Charybdis (12.431-441). This quote proves that Odysseus has mental and physical perseverance and without his willpower, his physical perseverance would go to ruins. This next quote portrays Odysseuss determination and believing and hoping for the best. Of all creatures that breathe and walk on the earth there is nothing more helpless than a man is, of all that the earth fosters; for he thinks that he will never suffer misfortune in future days, while the gods gra nt him courage, and his knees have spring in them. But when the blessed gods bring sad days upon him, against his will he must suffer it with enduring spirit. For the mind in men upon earth goes according to the fortunes the Father of Gods and Men, day by day, bestows upon them (18.130-137). No matter what back luck got thrown towards Odysseus and his crew, there was nothing simpler than enduring the challenge and hoping for the best because they mastered the skill in perseverance, which ultimately results in surviving the pain of the challenge. Perseverance was the key to surviving in ancient Greece during the times of war and self-defense. In ancient Greece, a necessity to be able to live your live as you wish with overall satisfaction and peacefulness, is to simply treat the gods with respect which will save their life in near death situations. Since the gods acquire such super powers, immortality, and control over their followers with human weakness, it is this combination that causes so much torment and suffering. Examples of such human weakness in the story are when Athena takes pride in Odysseus, Calypso lusts after Odysseus, and Helios wants revenge on Odysseuss crew. When Odysseus was caught in a storm after leaving Calypsos Island, he is on the verge of death when Odysseus yells, What do you want me to learn? Poseidon responds, That without the gods, man is nothing. This summarizes the necessity of having respect for the gods in the Odyssey. Odysseus also offered any sacrifices to ask forgiveness for their mistakes and for good will. Then I addressed the blurred and breathless dead, vowing to slaughter my best heifer for them before she calved, at home in Ithaca, and burn the choice bits on the altar fire; as for Tiresias, I swore to sacrifice a black lamb, handsomest of all our flock. Thus to assuage the nations of the dead, I pledged these rites, then slashed the lamb and ewe, letting their blood stream into the well pit (1000.) Finally, Odysseus portrays respect for the gods by praying to them in times of struggle and hardships, such as when he prayed to Apollo to see his wife and son back home. These examples prove the dear respect ancient Greeks gave to the gods because they knew it aid them one day in the future. The next admirable trait in ancient Greece was self-control in which Odysseus exemplifies perfectly in many occasions during his journey. When Odysseuss crew devour the rich taste of the Lotus, he remains sober because the drug muddles ones memory so that he forgets about home, but Odysseus remains faithful to his goal of traveling home as soon as possible. But those who ate this honeyed, the Lotus, never cared to report, nor to return: they longed to stay forever, browsing on the native bloom, forgetful of their homeland. I drove them all, all three wailing, to the ships, tied them down under their rowing benches, and called the rest: All hands aboard; come, clear the beach and no one taste the Lotus, or you lose your hope of home (985). Secondly, Odysseus resisted the songs of the Sirens, but even though he was tied up, Odysseus could have used his superhuman strength to unleash himself to the trap of the pleasuring sounds. Near the end of the Odyssey, Odysseus resists the temptati on to fight back against Melanthios and Antinoos because he had learned from his mistakes and decides to bear the unjust blows of the suitors because he knows his revenge has to be plotted in a careful manner. Finally, Odysseus turns down the offer to see Penelope because the suitors may attack him and he wants Penelope alone to test her loyalty. Although Odysseus did not resist every temptation, the one he did resist resulted in his overall enlightenment. In conclusion, those urn to be a leader must first convey specific qualities if they are to excel in the world. First, when each second counts, the ability to quick, but assessed decisions is vital. Next, a true leader will set goals for his followers and push them to their max to achieve their goals, but also conveying his own abilities to his followers to portray a true example of determination. After that, knowledge and intelligence of how to use your abilities are vital in accomplishing the set goals. The final and most important trait of a leader is self-discipline and sacrifice. A leader must not only act appropriately in all situations, but also remain humble even if his followers act exactly opposite in regards of their goals. According to the Odyssey, Odysseus exemplifies all major traits of a leader that are most admired by ancient Greeks.

The Last Juror :: essays research papers

The Last Juror by John Grisham 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"From day one she was intimidated by me because I was from Memphis and had gone to school up North for five years. I was careful not to wear my Ivy Leagueness on my shoulder, but at the same time I wanted these rural Mississippians to know that I had been superbly educated. (page 10)† There are two literary elements that could be categorized in this excerpt. I think that John Grisham highlights his use of satire very vividly early on in the book. He is placing a reasonable amount of underestimation upon a southerner’s overall intelligence. Simply because he was educated â€Å"up North† he feels he is worthy of a higher ranking. Although the character says he does not want to â€Å"wear† his Ivy League education for all to adore, he most certainly wants it known that his education was among the best one could buy. The second literary element is setting. Although it does not give descriptive geographical characteristics, we can get a sense of the Mississippi vibe. Depending on whether a reader is from the North or the South, some type of connection to their homeland can be made. We have a northerner experiencing, and reminiscing rather keenly, the way in which he first experienced his own dose of southern comfort. The object that I chose to corr elate with this particular excerpt was an Ivy League diploma. Although our main character, William Traynor, is geographically located in the south, mentally he still feels connected to the North and the education he received from it. This diploma would be brought with him as a constant reminder of who he is as an individual and the prideful attitude he possesses. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I marveled once again at the backwardness of Mississippi. ‘Still fightin’ the War,’ was a slogan I’d heard several times in Ford County (page 47).† Although there a numerous literary terms that could be applied to this excerpt, followed by extensive reflection on the true backwardness of the state of Mississippi at this time, I would like to focus mainly on the theme represented here. Looking deep into the story many themes regarding the will to succeed, morals, and racism all arise yet an overall theme that can be collected stems all the way back to the Civil War. The major theme that is constantly radiated from the pages of John Grisham’s story is the diversity between the North and the South.

Ramadan

In the article â€Å"Young Saudis Reinvent Ramadan,† the author highlights some issues involved in the celebration of Ramadan, or the month meant for fasting. In most places, particularly in the rich country of Saudi, young and old turn night into day to be able to eat, watch and do other things, while spending the day sleeping. Even some services are available until dawn. These practices are highly contradictory to the real essence of Ramadan, which is to sacrifice by fasting during the day in order to atone for past sins and be reborn after the month is over. Sleeping during the day undermines the value of sacrifice since those who do this are free to indulge during the night. The government and its people have practiced Ramadan for a long time but the practice had been superficial, as pointed out by the author. Another issue that the author highlights is how many Saudis have taken a new look at the puritanical approach to Islam after the fateful 911 attack. Many Saudis have now realized that extremism does not necessarily mean you are doing things for God. The students and young people described in the article are modernist because they chose to return to the real essence of Islam, which is making God the center of everything. Modernism makes God the center of the universe and the ultimate authority. Modernism is also about making the religious practice adapt to the times. They used their belief to apply to the modern world by helping to alleviate even for a while the needs of the people around them. They did not eliminate God from the center, instead, they refocused and found new meaning. The article as a whole speaks of hope and better understanding spreading among the youths of Saudi. They saw the excesses of the population during Ramadan and want to take a lead in reviving the real spirit of fasting. By giving to the poor, the young Saudi persons hope that the rest of the population would follow and remain true to the spirit of Ramadan.

Effective Leaders Example

Effective Leaders Example Effective Leaders – Coursework Example EFFECTIVE LEADERS Certainly, a leader is identified by the kind of leadership qualities and skills he or she possess (Pavela, 2007). This identification also goes a long way to determine whether or not the leader would be a good leader. Personally, I have come across several leaders who have exhibited different skills, characteristics and qualities but one leader who is worth mentioning is my immediate head of human resource, whose leadership skills and qualities makes him nothing short of an effective leader. Three of these qualities that easily come up for discussion are integrity, openness and fairness. As a leader, he demonstrates integrity by proving beyond reasonable doubt that he is a leader we can trust to combine outward actions with inner values (Shu, Gino and Bazerman, 2011). By this, he shows trustworthiness by submitting himself to audit and checks and makes sure he leads by example. Again, as an open leader, he does nothing to show that he possesses all the knowledge ne eded to carry the work through (Roig and Caso, 2006). Rather, he opens himself up for suggestions to be made to him and practices the participatory style of leadership. At no point in time has he rubbished any suggestions and decisions that have come from his subordinates. At worse, he would sit down with subordinates and explain to them why their suggestions cannot be implemented in the immediate terms. Finally, the leader shows fairness by taking firm decision on sanctions and rewards. When the need for people to be penalized arises, he shows no favoritism and does not compromise on justice at all (Rabi et al, 2006). The same is true for hardworking employees who deserve commendation. In short, the kind of skills and qualities that the leader exhibits has contributed to making him a great leader and the organization as well.REFERENCE LISTPavela, G. (1997). Applying the power of association on campus: A model code of academic integrity. Journal of College and University Law, 24(1), 97-118. Rabi, S., Patton, L., Fjortoft, N., & Zgarrick, D. P. (2006). Characteristics, prevalence, attitudes, and perceptions of academic dishonesty among pharmacy students. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 70, 73-83. Roig, M., & Caso, M. (2006). Lying and cheating: Fraudulent excuse making, cheating, and plagiarism. The Journal of Psychology. 139, 485-494.Shu, L., Gino, F., & Bazerman, M. (2011). Dishonest deed, clear conscience: When cheating leads to moral disengagement and motivated forgetting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.37 (3), 330-349. DOI: 10.1177/0146167211398138

The Art of Film Acting †Acting for the Camera (200 Level Course)

The Art of Film Acting – Acting for the Camera (200 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers The Art of Film Acting Acting for the Camera (200 Level Course) SUBTEXT Subtext is what you really are saying regardless of what your lines are saying. It is the true meaning underneath dialogue, and it is what you communicate when you talk to anyone in the film. Subtext is that unspoken communication by way of your emotions or feelings. Regardless of what your script lines are, subtext is what you really mean and what the audience is watching. Through the subtext, the audience discovers your relationship to the other actors, and only when you are relating to each other can there be useful subtext. You communicate subtext through your tone of voice, body language, looks and emotions. Subtext is an undercurrent that allows the audience to understand what is really going on between the actors. The FIVE ARTS OF FILM ACTING The five arts of film acting are the Art of Concentration, the Art of Not Knowing, the Art of Acceptance, the Art of Giving and Receiving and the Art of Relating. Jeremiah Comey –actor/director/tutor The Art of Concentration Focuses your attention, not on yourself but on the emotions of the other actor. Concentration is knowing where to place your attention. The Art of Not Knowing allows you the experience everything for the ‘first’ time. Not knowing keeps you alert and aware. The Art of Acceptance allows you to completely believe both the other actor and the imaginary circumstances without pretending. In the Art of Giving and Receiving you give your emotional experience to the other actor and are receptive through feedback. The art of giving and receiving stimulates genuine feelings. The Art of Relating is responding to an actor, object or situation verbally, nonverbally or physically. STUDYING ACTORS PERFORMANCE IN FILM Watch the Whole Film After watching the complete film, study the performances in selected scenes one at a time. The more times you look at a scene, the more you will see. Listen to the dialogue. If you have a copy of the screenplay script, read the scene. Study each performer separately. Determine the emotion each one is feeling. Does it Change? When? Be Specific. Are they listening? Are they practising the ‘Art of Knowing’? When? Does acceptance of the other character and circumstances colour the actor’s performance? Are both actors Giving Receiving? How? Are they physical with each other? Does giving and Receiving add to the relationship? Are they Relating? Now, with the sound turned off, view the selected scene. Notice what is really happening between the actors, not what the dialogue says is happening. View the selected scene again with the sound turned on. Research Papers on The Art of Film Acting - Acting for the Camera (200 Level Course)Where Wild and West MeetHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Spring and AutumnResearch Process Part OneMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Managing and leading people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Managing and leading people - Essay Example Schein also suggested that leadership and culture are conceptually related (Schein, 2004). Culture provides to an organization a sense of identity and determines the organizational legends, beliefs, norms, rituals and language. Organization culture is the only way that state the way things are done around the organization. An organization culture summarizes what has been appropriate and what has worked in the past (Schein, 1990). This paper seeks to analyze the how managers can improve the culture awareness in the organization. Further, it seeks to discuss the strategies that managers can use to improve culture awareness in an organization. Many managers are using the language of corporate culture or organizational culture. I am always curious to know why people share perceptions, attitudes and interpretations as well, as how workplace symbolism characterizes the way people act and feel. There is a prevalent belief that particular types of logical commonality can promote collaboration, minimize unproductive conflict and arrange work towards a common agenda without the need for supervision. As a manager, I realize that there is something about culture pride that can inspire and raise the mind to improve service for a common good. An organization’s culture is not something that can be manipulated directly; managers are required to dictate a course of action or allocate resources. Culture is shaped indirectly (Schein, 2004). It evolves randomly over time. The premeditated manipulation of culture requires the sophisticated collection of leadership skills and an intense sense of socio-psychological dynamics (Pollitt & Bouckaert, 2004). In the progression of internationalization, organizations face hardships in harmonization of corporate culture. As a manager, I must come with strategies that will help in improving cultural awareness at

Experiencing the Worlds Religions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Experiencing the Worlds Religions - Essay Example All religions regardless of their origin and beliefs, recognize a transcendent Law, Truth, or Principle. These three are believed to govern the universe and the human affairs. In traditions such as Christianity, theistic Hinduism, and Islam, God conceives the Law and makes it the measure for his creation. These traditions have long been the premise on which a particular question has been posed many times to theologians- is God bound by the laws he makes, or does He have the discretion to contravene them? In other traditions, the law is viewed as a property of samsaric existence which must be transcended. This is in reference to mostly the Hindu and the law of karma and its Buddhist doctrines. Similarly, in Christianity, Paul at one point criticises the law claiming it to be a form of slavery. From the above writings, it is clear that different religions recognize a transcendent law or truth. Regardless of all these differences between religions, they share a certain respect for the L aw which human beings ought not to violate and they do so at their own peril. The universe is fundamentally moral. In this chapter, we focus on the specific manifestations of evil. There are various ways through which evil deeds can be classified: sins of the mind, mouth, and the body. However, the majority of evil deeds can be classified into four major sins: murder, stealing, sexual immorality and lastly, lying. Most if not all religions are almost unanimous in their condemnation of the aforementioned sins. Anthology of Word Scriptures: Chapter 11- The Founder This chapter focuses on the life and work those who founded various religions. These are the people who were first to discover that the truth leads to salvation and therefore offered their whole lives in order to enlighten and save others. Some of these people with great souls include; Jesus, Muhammad, the Buddha, the ancient Hindu rishis, and Confucius among others. It is important to note that each of these founders of rel igion was unique in their own manner. For the Christian, the religion itself is based on the saving work of Christ. Similarly, in the Islamic faith, Muhammad is the beareer of the message. The many Faces of Sanatana Dharma The word Dharma originates from the Sanskrit root dhri. It means to sustain. Upon translation, Dharma is seen to mean either, religion, duty